What Can You Ask About Service Animals

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they immune and under what weather?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Heart
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is defended to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and canis familiaris teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs get in possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over ten years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and modest. His proficient guiding kept his handler from injury on more than than 1 occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself equally would any highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the beginning canis familiaris to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Great Britain, a state that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Centre in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Bailiwick of jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for almost a twelvemonth where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the aforementioned experiences he would soon face as a guide dog. He then went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would be matched. In Nov 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax'south retirement in January 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with ii other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his expiry in Jan 2014.

It is the sincere hope of Pax's handler that this guide will exist useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their extensive preparation, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the aforementioned access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others accept for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, too as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the terminal section of this publication. Many states besides have laws that provide a different definition of service animal. You should check your state'southward law and follow the police that offers the nearly protection for service animals.  The certificate discusses service animals in a number of different settings as the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary according to the law practical and the setting.

II. Service Animal Defined past Title Two and Championship Three of the ADA

A service beast means any dog that is individually trained to do piece of work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a inability, including a concrete, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an lift button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals nether Title II and Title Iii of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The piece of work or tasks performed by a service animal must be direct related to the individual's inability. It does non affair if a person has a annotation from a doctor that states that the person has a disability and needs to have the animal for emotional support. A md's letter does not turn an animal into a service beast.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA's definition of "service fauna" considering they have been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Eye® Dog¹ is a carefully trained canis familiaris that serves equally a travel tool for persons who accept severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deafened when a sound occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a canis familiaris that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting cocky-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory betoken dogs or social signal dog) is a canis familiaris trained to help a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (e.g., mitt flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a domestic dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person'south needs. The dog may stand guard over the person during a seizure or the dog may get for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit down or move to a condom place.

Under Title II and 3 of the ADA, service animals are express to dogs. Withal, entities must brand reasonable modifications in policies to let individuals with disabilities to utilize miniature horses if they have been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Comfort Animals are often used as function of a medical handling plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals nether the ADA. These back up animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with depression, anxiety, and certain phobias, but exercise non have special grooming to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states take laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered past federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, normally in a clinical setting, to improve their concrete, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service animal behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a inability does not command the animal, a concern or other entity does not accept to permit the creature onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business concern has the right to deny access to a domestic dog that disrupts their business. For example, a service dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts some other patron's enjoyment of a motion picture could be asked to get out the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animate being when the animal's behavior poses a straight threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the fauna.

· The ADA requires the animal to exist under the control of the handler.  This can occur using a harness, ternion, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to agree a tether because of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal'southward safe, constructive operation of piece of work or tasks, the service fauna must exist nether the handler'southward command by another ways, such as voice control.^two

· The animal must be housebroken.ⁱⁱⁱ

· The ADA does not crave covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning up later the animal.

· The animal should be vaccinated in accordance with land and local laws.

· An entity may also appraise the type, size, and weight of a miniature equus caballus in determining whether or not the horse will exist immune access to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles Ii and III of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to whatever place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business organization or public program has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service animal. Service animals are not pets. So, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service fauna enters a public facility or identify of public adaptation, the person cannot be asked about the nature or extent of his disability. Merely ii questions may be asked:

i. Is the animal required considering of a disability?

2. What work or chore has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should not be asked, nevertheless, if the creature's service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may non be asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an private with an observable mobility disability.^iv

A public adaptation or facility is not allowed to enquire for documentation or proof that the fauna has been certified, trained, or licensed every bit a service animate being. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not utilise to service animals.⁵

A place of public adaptation or public entity may not ask an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot crave anything of people with service animals that they do not crave of individuals in full general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they crusade, an private with a disability may be charged for damage caused by his or her service animal.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment bigotry because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an private with a disability to have a service brute or an emotional support creature accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the case of a service animate being or an emotional back up beast, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to establish the beingness of a disability and how the animal helps the private perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the beast would help the employee in performing job tasks and how the animal is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an adaptation may suggest that the employer permit the animal to accompany them to work on a trial footing.

Both service and emotional back up animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Human action (FHA) protects a person with a inability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this police force, a landlord or homeowner'south clan must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities so that they have an equal opportunity to enjoy and use a domicile.⁸ Emotional support animals that do non qualify every bit service animals under the ADA may nevertheless authorize as reasonable accommodations under the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a inability uses a service brute or an emotional support animate being, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.^x This creature is non considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner'southward clan may non ask a housing bidder about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. However, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may exist asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner's association can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They can inquire a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animal to assist the person with that specific disability; and (iii) that the creature really assists the person with a disability.  It is of import to keep in listen that the ADA may apply in the housing context too, for example with educatee housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (Grand-12) ^xiii – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to have the animal at school.  In addition, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Thought) and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a student to apply an animate being that does non see the ADA definition of a service animal if that educatee's Private Education Program (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the beast is necessary for the educatee to receive a free and appropriate teaching.  Where the ADA applies, all the same, schools should exist mindful that the use of a service creature is a correct that is not dependent upon the conclusion of an IEP or Section 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom immune to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the employ of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service creature."  Ultimately, the conclusion whether a student may utilize an animal other than a service creature should be made on a instance-past-example basis by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary pedagogy settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who use service animals to contact the schoolhouse's Inability Services Coordinator to register as a student with a disability. Higher education institutions may not require any documentation nearly the training or certification of a service brute. They may, however, require proof that a service animal has whatsoever vaccinations required by country or local laws that apply to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied access to transportation, even if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service creature cannot exist forced to sit in a particular spot; no additional fees can be charged because the person uses a service animal; and the customer does not have to provide advance notice that s/he will be traveling with a service beast.

The laws employ to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, stock-still-route buses, Paratransit, track, light-runway, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.S. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals past air. We are working to update the information provided beneath to marshal with the changes. While nosotros have the time to update our information, check out a summary of the changes bachelor on DOT'south website. You can too find some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection's commodity about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to allow service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an animal is a service beast, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the animate being. If airline personnel are uncertain that an brute is a service animal, they may inquire one of the following:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for y'all?

2. What has your animal been trained to do for y'all?

3. Would you describe how the animal performs this task for yous? ¹⁵

Emotional back up and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may demand to provide specific documentation to establish that they have a disability and the reason the creature must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of fourth dimension to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may exist requested by the airline: Current documentation (not more than one year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional stating (1) the passenger has a mental wellness-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV); (2) having the animal accompany the passenger is necessary to the rider'due south mental wellness or treatment; (3) the individual providing the cess of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional and the passenger is under his or her professional person care; and (4) the date and type of the mental wellness professional's license and the country or other jurisdiction in which information technology was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a condition of permitting the animate being to accompany the passenger in the cabin.

Other animals – Co-ordinate to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of whatsoever kind either in the cabin or in the cargo concord. Airlines are gratuitous to prefer whatever policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Creature Welfare Deed).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a case-past-case basis according to factors such as the creature's size and weight; country and foreign state restrictions; whether or not the fauna would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others; or cause a cardinal alteration in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to find out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to send unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are non required to transport animals other than dogs.^xviii

Half dozen. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are not valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to allow enough infinite for that person to avoid getting close to the service animal.

Most allergies to animals are caused past direct contact with the animal. A separated space might be adequate to avert allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a pregnant allergic reaction to an animal, information technology is the responsibility of the business organization or regime entity to find a mode to accommodate both the private using the service animal and the individual with the allergy.

VII. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Human action (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in preparation" in the cabin of the aircraft considering "in preparation" condition indicates that they exercise non nevertheless meet the legal definition of service brute. However, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in training vary. Some airlines let qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to permit employees to bring their "service fauna in training" into the workplace equally a reasonable accommodation, especially if the beast is being trained to assist the employee with piece of work-related tasks. The untrained animal may be excluded, however, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship II and 3 of the ADA does non cover "service animals in grooming" simply several states have laws when they should be allowed access.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title 2 of the ADA covers land and local authorities facilities, activities, and programs. Title Iii of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title II and Championship 3 Complaints – These tin can be filed through individual lawsuits in federal courtroom or directed to the U.S. Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.West.
Ceremonious Rights Division
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (five)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must exist made to the specific federal agency that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with fifteen or more employees; Department 501 applies to federal agencies, and Department 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal financial aid.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an declared violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a state or local fair employment practices bureau that likewise has jurisdiction over this matter. Complaints may exist filed in person, past mail, or by telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in nigh telephone directories under "U.Southward. Regime." For more than information:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/alphabetize.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency'south Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Department 501 violation.

Department 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal bureau that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA), equally amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of inability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal regime or receive federal financial aid. Title Ii of the ADA applies to housing provided by land or local regime entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Section of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://world wide web.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (vocalism)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (G-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Idea), Title 2 of the ADA, and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary didactics are covered by Title Two and Section 504.  Title III of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are non operated past religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Section 504.

Thought Complaints - Parents tin asking a due process hearing and a review from the state educational agency if applicable in that land. They likewise can appeal the state agency's conclusion to country or federal court. Yous may contact the Function of Special Teaching and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more data contact:

Role of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Avenue, S.Westward.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (vocalism)

Title Two of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title II of the ADA and Section 504 as they apply to pedagogy. Those who have had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a individual lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must exist filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the fourth dimension for filing is extended for good cause. Earlier filing an OCR complaint confronting an institution, an individual may desire to find out about the institution's grievance process and utilise that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an individual is not required by police force to use the institutional grievance process earlier filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and so chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within 60 days subsequently the concluding act of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.Southward. Department of Education

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.Due west.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Client Service: 800-421-3481 (vocalisation)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Due east-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.South. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.W.

Civil Rights Sectionalization

Disability Rights Department – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title Ii of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided past private entities. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title Ii and Section 504 Complaints – These may exist filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Office of Civil Rights. For more information, contact:

Manager, FTA Office of Civil Rights

Due east Edifice – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., S.East.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Aid Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Class)

Title Three Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Ceremonious Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does not take to file a complaint with the respective federal agency before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations analyze what animals are considered service animals and explain how each type of animal should exist treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Section of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who feel disability-related air travel service problems may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a disability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via e-post to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.South. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, S.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional data and questions about your rights under whatsoever of these laws, contact your regional ADA center at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Heart nether a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). All the same, those contents practice not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education and you lot should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Heart at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Heart
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a plan of ILRU (Contained Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Eye is part of a national network of 10 regional ADA Centers that provide upward-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Human activity (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call 1-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would similar to thank Jacquie Brennan (writer), Ramin Taheri, Richard Petty, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the Academy of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Center 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Managing director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[1] http://www.seeingeye.org

[ii] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(half-dozen).

[5] Encounter 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak five. Aurelia, City of,  C xi-4111-MWB (N.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to permit an individual who is blind to utilise a guide canis familiaris at work, fifty-fifty though the employer would not be required to provide a guide canis familiaris for the employee."

[viii] 42 U.South.C. § 3604(f)(iii)(B).

[ix] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.Northward.D. Mar. thirty, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assistance animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that amend a mental disability."

[10] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (seventh Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green 5. Housing Authority of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[eleven] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Fair Housing Act: Articulation Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Evolution and Section of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Section of Housing and Urban Development and U.South. Section of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[xiii] Private schools that are not operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Delight refer to Section 5(a).

[14] Sullivan v. Vallejo Metropolis Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Apropos Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Annals 90 (ix May 2003), p. 24875.

[xvi] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(eastward).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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